Integrand size = 17, antiderivative size = 225 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}}{5 a x^3}-\frac {2 b x \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2}{\left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arccos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x}\right ),\frac {1}{4} \left (2+\sqrt {3}\right )\right )}{5 \sqrt [4]{3} a^{4/3} \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt [3]{b} x \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{\left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )^2}} \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \]
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Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 225, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.235, Rules used = {2050, 2036, 335, 231} \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 b x \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2}{\left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arccos \left (\frac {\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}}\right ),\frac {1}{4} \left (2+\sqrt {3}\right )\right )}{5 \sqrt [4]{3} a^{4/3} \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt [3]{b} x \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{\left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )^2}} \sqrt {a x+b x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}}{5 a x^3} \]
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Rule 231
Rule 335
Rule 2036
Rule 2050
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {2 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}}{5 a x^3}-\frac {(2 b) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx}{5 a} \\ & = -\frac {2 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}}{5 a x^3}-\frac {\left (2 b \sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^3}} \, dx}{5 a \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \\ & = -\frac {2 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}}{5 a x^3}-\frac {\left (4 b \sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b x^6}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{5 a \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \\ & = -\frac {2 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}}{5 a x^3}-\frac {2 b x \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2}{\left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )^2}} F\left (\cos ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2+\sqrt {3}\right )\right )}{5 \sqrt [4]{3} a^{4/3} \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt [3]{b} x \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{\left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )^2}} \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.
Time = 10.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 53, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.24 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {1+\frac {b x^3}{a}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {5}{6},\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{6},-\frac {b x^3}{a}\right )}{5 x^2 \sqrt {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 2.36 (sec) , antiderivative size = 696, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.09
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {2 \sqrt {b \,x^{4}+a x}}{5 a \,x^{3}}-\frac {4 b^{2} \left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) x}{\left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, {\left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}^{2} \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{b \left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{b \left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, F\left (\sqrt {\frac {\left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) x}{\left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}, \sqrt {\frac {\left (\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{\left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}}\right )}{5 a \left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \sqrt {b x \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right ) \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}}\) | \(696\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {2 \sqrt {b \,x^{4}+a x}}{5 a \,x^{3}}-\frac {4 b^{2} \left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) x}{\left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, {\left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}^{2} \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{b \left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{b \left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, F\left (\sqrt {\frac {\left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) x}{\left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}, \sqrt {\frac {\left (\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{\left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}}\right )}{5 a \left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \sqrt {b x \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right ) \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}}\) | \(696\) |
risch | \(-\frac {2 \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )}{5 a \,x^{2} \sqrt {x \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )}}-\frac {4 b^{2} \left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) x}{\left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, {\left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}^{2} \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{b \left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{b \left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}\, F\left (\sqrt {\frac {\left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) x}{\left (-\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right )}}, \sqrt {\frac {\left (\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}{\left (\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}}\right )}{5 a \left (-\frac {3 \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \sqrt {b x \left (x -\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}\right ) \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right ) \left (x +\frac {\left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}\, \left (-a \,b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 b}\right )}}\) | \(703\) |
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 43, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.19 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \, {\left (2 \, \sqrt {a} b x^{3} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (0, -\frac {4 \, b}{a}, \frac {1}{x}\right ) - \sqrt {b x^{4} + a x} a\right )}}{5 \, a^{2} x^{3}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^{3} \sqrt {x \left (a + b x^{3}\right )}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {b x^{4} + a x} x^{3}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {b x^{4} + a x} x^{3}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {a x+b x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^3\,\sqrt {b\,x^4+a\,x}} \,d x \]
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